Rating Friends The Effect of Personal Connections on Credit Ratings

In their paper Rating Friends: The Effect of Personal Connections on Credit Ratings   Hossein Khatami, professor of finance at Hult,  Maria-Teresa Marchica, and Roberto Mura, investigate the impartiality and independence of credit issuing companies and   credit rating agencies in the U.S. In their study, they found that personal connection between directors of these companies  may impact the quality of credit ratings in several ways. The paper was published in The Journal of Corporate Finance  and you can read the paper in full here. Khatami, S. H., Marchica, M., Mura, R. (2016). Rating Friends: The Effect of Personal Connections on Credit Ratings. Journal of Corporate Finance. Abstract Using a large sample of U.S. public debt issues we show that personal connections between directors of issuing companies and rating agencies result in higher credit ratings. We estimate the average effect to be about one notch. Moreover, our tests indicate that issues by connected firms are 30% more likely to be rated A3. Results are robust to several alternative tests including additional controls for managerial traits, firm fixed effects, and propensity score matching. Furthermore, our tests on default rates and bond yields suggest that personal connections act as a mechanism to reduce asymmetric information between the rating agency and the issuer. Highlights †¢Ã‚  We report that ceteris paribus, issues by connected firms receive higher ratings †¢Ã‚  The average difference in rating between issues by connected and unconnected firms is about one notch †¢Ã‚  The higher ratings of connected companies are not due to favorable treatment but they reflect lower asymmetric information Hossein Khatami  has been a Professor of Finance at Hult since September 2013. Hossein worked as an investment consultant and financial analyst before doing his Masters at Cass Business School. He completed his PhD at Manchester Business School in a research network with partners including McKinsey Co., Credit Suisse, MSCI, and KPMG, among others . He then went back to his home country of Iran to enjoy one of the most educational experiences of his life: establishing an asset management and investment banking division for a leading bank in the region. He was involved all aspects of the business from product design and development to trading and portfolio management, from sales and negotiations to people management and strategic planning, and the division grew fast to become a major contributor to the banks profitability. He has also established and now manages two companies with primary focus on asset management and business consulting. Accelerate your financial career and boost your earning potential with a Masters in Finance from Hult. To learn more, take a look at our blog What can you do with a Master degree in Finance? or get into wider business with a Masters in International Business instead. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to explore everything about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts Academics Beyond (narrow) business concepts: â€Å"Soft† skills turn out to be critical skills News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Essay about The Rape and Abuse of Women in the Military

The military has become the epicenter for rape and abuse of women, all of which military officials have swept aside with all too little concern. Case after case of rape and sexual harassment are dismissed with little to no investigation made. The women of the military live scared of their male superiors and colleagues, and what they might do. Victims of sexual harassment or rape often see their pursuers honorably discharged and returned to society with no criminal record. This is not to say, however, that all men in the military commit sex crimes. In fact, the case seems to be far from to a rape victim who states, I had close friends I could talk to about it [her rape]. I had all the women on the ship behind me a hundred percent. I†¦show more content†¦You dont realize how low we have to get. You have to be simple. This is not being taught at home. (Pease, 4/26) Even with the few meek attempts being made to stop the sex crimes in the United States Armed Forces, the truth is still that there is a cover up of enormous proportion in progress. No woman is totally secure. Everybody from women in the military to young women on the streets are vulnerable to this horrendous crime spree that has been going on for the past several years in the military. The worst part of this abuse is the fact that any women that are abused usually see their pursuers released with practically no penalty to them whatsoever, and it is very rare to see a womans pursuer convicted. Less than two years ago, on labor day weekend, there were several United States troops in Okinawa, Japan. Four of these troops met in Naha at a club. They joked about grabbing a girl from the town to have some fun. One man refused, while the remaining three, two marines and a sailer went searching for a girl. The three men rented a white Subaru Sedan and noticed a girl walking alone, a twelve year old elementary school student. The three grabbed the girl and tossed her into the back seat. They bound her arms and legs with tape, as well as shutting her eyes and mouth with tape. They then parked and carried her onto an empty beach. They removed the tape, and at least two ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Learning Theory And Cognitive Theories Of Learning1146 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors, whereas imitation usually involves copying a single behavior. Misogyny is defined as the hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women, or prejudice against women. Misogyny can be manifested in numerous ways, such as hostility, belittling of women, and sexual objectification of women, the social exclusion of women, sex discrimination, patriarchy, and violence against women. Sociologist Allan G. 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Sexual assault is well-defined and occurs when a woman is not interested engagingRead MoreDocumentary, The Invisible War, Features Heroic War Heros793 Words   |  4 Pagesdisplays emotional and sympathetic stories that captures the attention of the viewers. It shamefully uncovers the secrets of sexual assault within the U.S. Military. Created by Academy and Emmy award winners, Amy Ziering and Kirby Dick. In this film Ziering and Dick try to convince their audience of the ongoing rape epide mic surrounding the U.S. Military. A film intended to reach an audience unaware of the issues, Ziering and Dick take their viewers on a mission to seek justice. In the beginning of the

Quality Management and Customer Services

Question: Discuss about theQuality Management and Customer Services. Answer: Introduction The most significant part of a business is the customer. The company profit and success depend on the customers. The companys products and services are used by a customer only. He is going to judge the quality of the product and services. Hence, it becomes very important to retain old customers and also make new ones for the growth of the business. A businesses aiming at success should emphasize on the quality of their product rather than quantity. There is no dearth of competitors in todays scenario (Aguwa, Monplaisir, Turgut, 2012). Customer returns to an organization when he gets what he paid for. Quality is an important feature that an organization should not ignore at any cost. A business is successful when it has buyers for its products and services and customer come back for the product when they get good quality and customer services (Alhawari, 2015). Findings Types of Customers Customers are the one who ultimately pays for the products and services a company produces or serves. Customers can be divided into two segments, and they are as follows;- An Internal Customer- an internal customer can be defined as the people who are directly connected to the organization. These customers are usually an internal part of the organization for example stakeholders, employees, shareholders, creditors, and suppliers. They are known as internal customers because they are internally associated with the company and purchasing its products also (Bharadwaj, Nevin, Wallman, 2012). An External Customer- anyone who is not a part of the company and purchases the product and services of a company is known as the external customer of that company. External customers are the most important customers for a company as they provide the stream of revenue to the company through their purchases. If external customers get satisfied with the product then they repeat their purchases and also refer the companys products and services to others (Bourne, 2016). Customer-Driven Quality The customers opinion of satisfaction starts before the purchase and continues even after the sale of the product. Whatever the case is, the customer has a positive opinion or a negative opinion towards the product and services the company will try to maintain a healthy relationship with its customers. If the company is meeting the customers expectations, then this relationship will bring confidence, loyalty and build trust for the company from the customer. This relationship is known as customer-driven quality (Chris Adalikwu, 2012). When a company tries to exceed the customers expectation and develop awareness regarding changing trends of the market including the technological advances, customer-driven quality becomes important. A customer feedback allows a company to come up to the exceptional level in meeting the expectations of the customer. The needs of customers change regularly, and it becomes necessary for the company to be in touch with their customer to learn about their c hanging needs and, then provide them with it (Dalla Pozza, 2014). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) To improve the relationship between the customer and the company Customer Relationship Management plays a very important role. It refers to the strategies, technologies, and practices that a company applies to mange and analyzes the customer data throughout the lifecycle of the customer. It aims at retaining the customers, driving sales growth, and improving the relationship with the customers (Ha Stoel, 2008). Mainly a companys CRM policy contains four aspects, and they are as follows:- Complaint Resolution- if any customer has a problem or dissatisfaction with companys product and services, then it is logged, investigated, and resolved, this formal procedure is known as Complaint Resolution. The main goal of such a practice is to satisfy a dissatisfy customer. Though complaints are not the most liked thing from a companys point of view, it gives an idea about the wants, opinions, requirements, and viewpoints (Jarrah, 2015). Feedback- a process of obtaining customers opinion and viewpoint regarding a product, services, or the business is known as customers feedback. Getting a customers feedback is very important for a company as it helps to provide the manufacturers, marketers, and business owners with a vision that what they can do to make their business, product, and services better (Jones Ranchhod, 2007). Guarantees-a marketing tool that companies are using a lot is a service guarantee. It helps in reducing customers risk perception, differentiate a service offering, signal quality product and services, and professionalize the internal management customer service recovery. By giving service guarantee to the customers, the company promises one or more types of compensation. Like refund, credit, or replacement in case of any problem arise in the product or services. Though there are some conditions attached with these compensations. Corrective Actions- corrective action means having a systematic investigation by the company to find the root causes of the complaints that a customer has brought and later attempting to prevent such reoccurrence (Jung Yoo, 2016). Is the Customer Always Right? This motto is being taught to every business man that customer is always right, but in some circumstances, the customer can be wrong also. Always practicing the motto of the customer being always right may affect the services provided to rest of the customers and the employees working for the company. Sometimes unreasonable customers waste the finite resources of the company by putting up unreasonable demands and services. If a company continues to listen to these unreasonable problems, then it will never be able to develop and get advance because it will be busy solving senseless problems of the customers. It is better to have few reasonable customers than many unreasonable ones. It is because they will never get satisfied and will harm the companys name by criticizing it (La Yi, 2015). Moment of Truth Every customer comes with a frame of mind as to what he wants to purchase. It is the interaction between the employee and the customer that makes the sale a success or a failure. As per J. Carlzon, a famous management author, it is just the first fifteen seconds of conversation between the employee and the customer that makes or breaks the sale. And this conversation is out of an organizations hands. The front-line employees have such interactions with the potential customers. Thus the reputation that a customer creates in his mind about a company is in the hands of the front-line employees. This is the moment of truth that every company has to learn and also try to make it a success (Liang, 2013). Customer Lifetime Value The predicted value that a company will earn through the whole relationship with a customer is known as customer lifetime value. There is no certainty of how long each relationship between a customer and the company will pursue. Therefore, an estimated customer lifetime value is taken out as per the periodic value. For example, a certain customer will be there for a year or two years. The customer lifetime value changes the thinking of the management of the company regarding customer acquisition. Customer lifetime value helps in optimizing the spending on acquisition for maximum value rather than thinking about acquiring a lot of customer at minimum cost (Mann, 2011). Customer Satisfaction A company manufactures a product or services to meet the needs and expectation so the customers. The marketing term used, to sum up the level the product succeeded is known as customer satisfaction. The level of customer satisfaction is important to measure because it helps the marketers, manufacturers, and business owners to understand the customer needs and expectations and this information help them in improving their business. As per a survey including around two hundred senior marketing managers, 71% of them responded that customer satisfaction metric help them a lot in managing and monitoring their businesses (Morgen, 2012). The reasons for the importance of customer satisfaction are as follows: - Customer satisfaction metric is the best indicator of customers loyalty and repurchase intentions. Customer satisfaction metric helps in reducing the customer stirring. Customer satisfaction increases the customer satisfaction value Customer satisfaction decreases the negative publicity of the product. Customer retention cost lower than acquiring new ones (Ramaj Ismaili, 2015). Quality Gap Analysis A management technique that measures the performance standards set by the business with the measures of the performance being delivered by the company is known as a quality gap analysis. To improve companys performance, a quality gap analysis is very important. It is an effective method that keeps track of various aspects of business, including product quality and the service levels to customers. The feedback of the customers is taken by contacting them, and the data is quantified to make it measurable. The companies are usually judged by the market, competition, and customers. Companies who want to succeed or are already successful and wanted to maintain it take great care in measuring their performance level (Sethia, 2010). Dealing with Customer Complaints No matter how well streamlined a business is, customer complaints are inevitable. It is important that the complaints are addressed and assessed effectively. If a complaint is ignored or dismissed then this way a company is telling its customer that their opinion is of no value. Business owners can take complaint management as a frustrating and time-consuming process, but if an efficient system is developed, then complaints can be resolved very easily (Aguwa, Monplaisir, Turgut, 2012). The guide to deal the customer complaints is given below:- Taking the Complaints- Step back when a customer makes a complaint Before responding give time and full attention to customer to fully explain his problem Do not come to a conclusion very quickly Only one efficient person should handle the situation. Finding a Solution Apologize for the problem even if mistake is not from the companys side Dont give excuses Compensation can be requested to solve the matter (Alhawari, 2015). Active Customer Retention The percentage of customers who were active (made purchases of the product) in a year at some date and expected to be active in the coming year also is known as the retention rate. If the measured retention rate comes to be 87%, then it is good, and if comes out to be somewhere 35% then tends to be a bad retention rate. Retention rate is calculated by taking all the customers in accordance, not an individual. If a company comes to know about its retention rate, then, it can make improvements required in the products and services to increase the retention rate. As specified before in the report, it is cheaper to retain customers than getting new ones (Bharadwaj, Nevin, Wallman, 2012). Customer on a Supply Chain Customers are the most important link in the formation of the supply chain. When a company determines the ways of configuring the supply chain then maximum ways lead to the customer. Most cost effective suppliers will be searched by buyers to provide customers the best value product, and innovative partners will be searched to offer customers the best product. The customers act as the key of the supply chain and their values, opinions, and needs will affect the decision a buyer make regarding suppliers, partners and another part of the supply chain (Bourne, 2016). Conclusion The customers are the most important part of all the business because without them a business cannot see success and gain profit. It is necessary for the company to understand the needs and expectations of the customer. Once a company understands the customers need it will be able to be a success in the market. The report here consists of various parts through which a company comes to know about what a customer want and expects. Hence, by using all these measures a company can run smoothly and successfully amongst its customers. Recommendations Recommendations for the improvement in the measures discussed in the report: - Regular customer feedback is important for the company as it help in improving the products and services the company is selling. Surveys, questionnaires can be given to customers to fill and give their valuable suggestions With the new technology, feedbacks can be taken through social websites. A complaint department can be a useful addition to a company. Special discounts and offer could be given to customers those who provided their feedback to the company. Satisfied customers feedback can be displayed in the companys websites to attract more customers Customers can be asked to suggest the product to other customer and a gift can be given to the suggesting customer for referral. All the companies should regularly access their products and services regarding improvements required in them. Training to the front-line employees should be given by the company as they are the one that makes a sale success of a failure. The feedback of both the internal and the external customers are important. References Aguwa, C., Monplaisir, L., Turgut, O. (2012). Voice of the customer: Customer satisfaction ratio based analysis.Expert Systems With Applications,39(11), 10112-10119. Alhawari, S. (2015). An empirical study on customer retention and customer loyalty.International Journal Of Information Systems And Change Management,7(3), 183. Bharadwaj, N., Nevin, J., Wallman, J. (2012). Explicating Hearing the Voice of the Customer as a Manifestation of Customer Focus and Assessing its Consequences.Journal Of Product Innovation Management,29(6), 1012-1030. Bourne, P. (2016). Customer Satisfaction of Policing the Jamaican Society: Using SERVQUAL to Evaluate Customer Satisfaction.J Healthc Commun,1(3). Chris Adalikwu,. (2012). Customer relationship management and customer satisfaction.African Journal Of Business Management,6(22). Dalla Pozza, I. (2014). Customer experiences as drivers of customer satisfaction.Gestion 2000,31(3), 115. Ha, S. Stoel, L. (2008). Promoting customer-retailer relationship building: influence of customer trustworthiness of customer loyalty programme marketing.Journal Of Customer Behaviour,7(3), 215-229. Jarrah, M. (2015). Evaluation of Electronic Customer Knowledge Mediating by Electronic Customer Attraction on Electronic Customer Acquisition.International Journal Of Customer Relationship Marketing And Management,6(3), 33-47. Jones, S. Ranchhod, A. (2007). Marketing strategies through customer attention: beyond technology-enabled Customer Relationship Management.International Journal Of Electronic Customer Relationship Management,1(3), 279. Jung, J. Yoo, J. (2016). Customer-to-customer interactions on customer citizenship behavior.Serv Bus. La, S. Yi, Y. (2015). A Critical Review of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Relationship Marketing, and Customer Relationship Management.Kmr,30(1), 53. Liang, P. (2013). Exit and Voice: A Game-theoretic Analysis of Customer Complaint Management.Pacific Economic Review,18(2), 177-207. Mann, D. (2011). Capturing the voice of the customer before the customer knows what they want: TRIZ, spiral dynamics, and the fourth turning.Procedia Engineering,9, 573-581. Morgen, B. (2012). Voice biometrics for customer authentication.Biometric Technology Today,2012(2), 8-11. Ramaj, A. Ismaili, R. (2015). Customer Relationship Management, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty.AJIS. Sethia, N. (2010). Shaping The New Corporate Voice: The Challenge of Heeding Customer Voice.Design Management Journal (Former Series),6(1), 34-38.

The Effects of Mozarts Music on Middle School Age Learning

Different music genres and forms have various effects on the people’s mood, behavior, and activities. As a result, it is possible to state that music can also positively affect learning of students studying at the middle school because of stimulating the work of their brains, influencing the physiological processes, and affecting the students’ emotional state and moods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Mozart’s Music on Middle School Age Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While discussing the most appropriate styles and forms of music which can affect the students’ learning positively, the researchers focus on the musical pieces composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). The sonatas, symphonies, and other orchestral compositions composed by this musical genius are discussed as the examples of the ‘light’ music of the 18th century which s timulates not only the positive perception of the world but also the intellectual growth associated with the improved learning (Hattie and Yates 208-209). In spite of the fact that the effect of Mozart’s music on learning in general, and on the middle school age learning in particular, is the controversial topic which is actively discussed by psychologists, physiologists, educators, and music theorists, the role of Mozart’s music for influencing the students’ moods, behaviors, and motivation can be considered as significant. Depending on its genre, music can provide different effects on the listener’s perception. Classical music can stimulate the brain’s activities and the person’s process of thinking more actively because of the music’s harmony and balance. The classical music is often used as the background music because of the specifics of its rhythms to affect the rhythms of the person’s body and brain’s activities. Thus, researchers state that the diatonic harmony of many classical compositions can contribute to changing the aspects of the people’s blood circulation and to influencing the persons’ mood and arousal (Jausovec, Jausovec, and Gerlic 2704). Furthermore, active listening to classical music and the use of classical compositions as the background music can have different effects on the students’ perception and learning. During his life, Mozart composed the great variety of musical pieces such as sonatas, operas, and symphonies which are characterized by the extreme musical balance and elegant harmony.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his works, Mozart focuses on the diatonic harmony and on using the symmetrical phrases to accentuate the balanced nature of the piece. The focus is also on the sounds of flutes, on the brass and strings. As a result, the listener perceives Mozart’s sonata or a piece of a symphony as the light and simplistic composition which increases mood and provides the feeling of harmony. Mozart’s music based on the emphasized harmony and simple melodies does not affect people negatively, while stimulating their pessimistic emotions (Keefe 150-152). Mozart’s compositions seem to provide the definite effect of sunlight and to assist students to think more positively because of the pleasant sounds and melodies heard in relation to Mozart’s works. Mozart’s sonatas and symphonies can be described as the reflections of the people’s senses and emotions. There is no violence or unpleasant sounds in Mozart’s works. Furthermore, the audience is often impressed significantly with the harmony of Mozart’s religious works in which strings sound more solemnly and vividly (Keefe 138-141). Although Mozart’s pieces are often composed according to minor patterns, the y do not sound rather pessimistically. That is why, Mozart’s music is interesting and effective to be listened to and to provide the positive effects on the students’ learning processes. It is possible to state that Mozart’s music is based on the balanced combination of the instruments’ sounds which are perceived as pleasant and light that is why Mozart’s musical pieces can stimulate the increase in the students’ productivity while completing the home tasks or during the critical thinking processes. Mozart’s music can be discussed as the effective variant to create the positive atmosphere for learning. Moreover, the harmony of sounds and melodies in different Mozart’s works can have different effects on stimulating the persons’ activities while being listened to actively or as the background music. When the student focuses on listening to Mozart’s sonata, on its rhythmic pattern and on the sounds of the instrument s, the student can develop his or her creativity, imagination, concentration, and memory (Jausovec, Jausovec, and Gerlic 2705). Mozart’s music listened to as the background melodies can provide the unconscious effects on the students studying at the middle school because their productivity increases unintentionally.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Mozart’s Music on Middle School Age Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is rather difficult to find the empirical evidences to state that the process of listening to Mozart’s works can contribute to improving the students’ academic performance. However, it is possible to examine the differences of the classical music’s impacts on different students, depending on their age. Mozart’s music has the positive effects on students’ learning abilities because it stimulates their thinking processe s, perception, creativity, and motivation. Listening to the light symmetrical musical phrases typical for Mozart’s sonatas, it is rather easy to concentrate on the learning activities and become more productive. Nevertheless, it is rather difficult to conclude about the role of music for the intellectual growth without referencing to the general improvement of the thinking processes caused by the students’ focus on the balanced and harmonized musical material. Works Cited Hattie, John, and Gregory Yates. Visible Learning and the Science of How We Learn. USA: Routledge, 2013. Print. Jausovec, Norbert, Ksenija Jausovec, and Ivan Gerlic. â€Å"The Influence of Mozart’s Music on Brain Activity in the Process of Learning†. Clinical Neurophysiology 117.12 (2006): 2703-2714. Print. Keefe, Simon. Mozart’s Viennese Instrumental Music: A Study of Stylistic Re-invention. USA: Boydell Brewer, 2007. Print. This research paper on The Effects of Mozart’s Music on Middle School Age Learning was written and submitted by user Nora Zamora to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

United States Vs Wade Involves a Defendant in the Robbery of a Federally Insured Bank essays

United States Vs Wade Involves a Defendant in the Robbery of a Federally Insured Bank essays UNITED STATES v. WADE, 388 U.S. 218 (1967) involves a defendant in the robbery of a federally insured bank who was placed in a lineup several weeks after he had been indicted. The lineup was conducted without notice to and in the absence of his counsel. He was identified by two witnesses as being the robber at the lineup and the trial and was subsequently convicted of the crime. The defendant argues that the lineup violated his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and his Sixth Amendment The question in the case was whether courtroom identifications of an accused at trial are to be excluded from evidence because the accused was exhibited to the witnesses before trial at a post-indictment lineup conducted for identification purposes without notice to and in the absence of counsel. The court held that the lineup did not violate the Fifth Amendment, but did find that the Sixth Amendment guarantees an accused the right to counsel at any critical confrontation by the prosecution at pretrial proceedings where the results might well determine his fate and where the absence of counsel might impede the right to a fair trial. Identification procedures, which had theretofore been treated as a purely factual matter left largely for lay jurors to handle, for the first time took on constitutional dimensions and created a new per se rule of constitution law for identification procedures. The catalyst was the determination that a police lineup was deemed to be a "critical stage," thereby entitling an accused who was forced to stand in a lineup to the Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel. The rule applies to any identification technique and a fortiori to a face-to-face encounter between ...

Questionare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questionare - Assignment Example There is no time limit, but do not debate for a long time over each item. ALL questions are mandatory. By completing the following section you agree that the data you give can be used for research, which will help to improve future versions of this questionnaire. No individual will be identified in any research results. If you do not want your data to be used in this way please do not complete this section and move on to the questionnaire. 1. Save this document on your computer by clicking on the â€Å"File† menu and choosing â€Å"Save As†. Give the document a name and choose a location (e.g. My Documents) to save the document on your computer. Click "Save" to save the questionnaire. 2. Open your email software and create a new email message. Attach the document saved in the previous step and send the email to assessment@assessment.opp.co.uk (you do not need to include any subject line or text in the email). For information on how to attach a file to your email please see the documentation for your email software or contact your administrator. 3. You should receive an email confirming that your results have been received within 30 minutes of submitting the questionnaire. If you do not receive this confirmation email, please check that your system has sent the email and that the questionnaire was enclosed as an

Developing an Auger (Earth Drill) one stage Gearbox System. A Dissertation

Developing an Auger (Earth Drill) one stage Gearbox System. A comparing study between two planetary gears systems, spur and h - Dissertation Example On the other hand the helical gearbox design would require output bearings of 7309 BE while input bearings of 7209 BE. The gearing materials were found out best to be AISI 304 while the casing ought to be created from cast iron. Cost comparison shows that spur gearbox is much cheaper especially because of the lower cost of the ring spur gear in comparison to the ring helical gear. Therefore the spur gearbox design was chosen as the optimal configuration for the current problem at hand. Summary In order to determine the best possible solution for a gearbox for an auger earth drill an extensive investigation was carried out. The investigation was begun with a literature review of the relevant means to transmit mechanical power such as belts, shafts, torque converters, mechanical couplings and gears. Given the relative advantages of gears in terms of power and speed scaling as well as the cost, it was decided to stick with gears to power an auger earth drill. The commonly used gear type s which are spur and helical were dealt with in detail to understand their operational perspectives. Bevels gears were also investigated but rejected early on. Epicyclical gear trains were investigated in greater detail to achieve a functional yet compact gearbox. The three configurations possible which were star, solar and planetary were all looked at in detail. Given the gearing ratio of 5.4 to 1, the planetary gearing system was found to be most suitable and was thus used as the prime choice. It was also decided to perform a comparison between a spur planetary and a helical planetary gearbox to find out which one was better. The gear based calculations were carried out and the number of teeth was found culminating in the perfectly matching gearing ratio. The gear sizes were determined using the overall dimensions of the gearbox as a constraint. The number of planetary gears was chosen as three based on its load sharing and geometrical properties. Lubrication investigation was als o carried out in detail to find out a lubricant suitable for the gearbox. Bearing selection was carried out for the gearboxes (both the spur and helical gearboxes) based on their individual requirements. The types of bearings available were investigated at length in order to discern the best possible choice. Materials for the various parts of the gearbox were also considered in detail to discern the best possible choices. This was followed by the evaluation of spur gearbox and helical gearbox design based on cost as cost was considered as an important factor. The stress analysis of the gearbox components produced satisfactory results which indicated a large operating margin for the gears involved. Images The maximum and minimum stress levels are already pretty clear in this image and other images that I have sent you. The images are always going to be the same as the gearbox under investigation is the same. The yielding strength of the material is 550 MPa and the stress levels are a pparent on the picture. FOS FOS (Factor of Safety) is a measure used to indicate the relative resilience of a component to failure during normal operation. Generally the FOS is calculated by dividing the material’s own yield stress with the maximum available stress levels.